RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Practical Applications of Optimizing Value JF Practical Applications FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 1 OP 4 DO 10.3905/pa.2016.4.1.158 VO 4 IS 1 A1 Ran Leshem A1 Lisa R. Goldberg A1 Alan Cummings A1 Barbara J. Mack YR 2016 UL https://pm-research.com/content/4/1/1.13.abstract AB Optimizing Value Ran Leshem Lisa R Goldberg Alan Cummings Value investing is a central concept in finance, and its popularity has grown dramatically since Benjamin Graham and David Dodd first introduced it in their seminal work, Security Analysis , in 1934. In value investing, two of the most commonly cited measures of portfolio return are the book-to-price ratio (B/P) and the earnings-to-price ratio (E/P). Ran Leshem , Lisa Goldberg and Alan Cummings of Aperio Group evaluate the performance of strategies based on B/P and E/P in their article, Optimizing Value . They explain why B/P became the academic standard in the 1990s and discuss the wisdom of blending B/P and E/P metrics into optimized strategy formats. The team also looks at factor-based optimization and sector-neutral strategies that may help to achieve better performance.